Regular tea drinking has been associated with numerous health benefits. Since people are more health-conscious these days, tea became one of the most popular beverage options. Tea is categorized into 5 major types including Black, Green, White, Pu-erh and Oolong. But what is surprising is that they are all originated from the leaves of the same species, Camellia Sinensis. The differences in tea varieties are mainly due to the methods of processing as well as the length of oxidation period.
Apart from the 5 basic types of teas, there is a great selection of flavoured and flower-scented tea that can be easily found in the market nowadays. Teas such as Chamomile, Earl Grey, English Breakfast, Jasmine, and Peppermint are some of the types created to cater to the evolving palate of modern people always craving for new and exciting flavours.
The following are the basic varieties which serve as the base for the aforementioned flavoured and flower-scented teas:
Black Tea
Black Tea also known as Red Tea, is the most popular variety in the West. It is fully oxidized which results in a much darker colour and stronger flavour. Besides, Black Tea contains higher amount of caffeine as compared to other teas. The brewed Black Tea is red in colour and usually consumed with milk or sugar due to its bitterness. Also, Black Tea pairs perfectly with sweet desserts, making it essential refreshment for afternoon tea.
Green Tea
This tea does not undergo the oxidation process, allowing it to retain most of its natural leaves colour. The fresh tea leaves are heated immediately after harvesting so as to keep the leaves from oxidizing and browning. Simply put, Green Tea undergoes minimal processing and contains high level of beneficial antioxidants, minerals as well as vitamin. A brewed Green Tea is yellowish green in colour, along with hints of sweetness and freshness.
White Tea
The least processed among the 5 major types of teas. White Tea mainly consists of young leaves and newly grown buds. They are delicately harvested in the early spring, before the buds have fully developed. In order to prevent oxidation, the freshly plucked tea leaves will be withered and dried under the sun. Once brewed, White Tea is typically light green or yellow in colour. Plus, White Tea is well-known for its mild flavour and natural sweetness.
Pu-erh Tea
Pu-erh Tea is a post-fermented tea. It is aged and fermented over a period of time. After fermentation, dried and roasted, the tea leaves will be compressed into brick, cake log or gourd shape. The older the tea, the better the aroma and taste. As such, Pu-erh Tea is highly-prized for its rich flavour, woodsy aroma, smooth taste and no bitterness.
Oolong Tea
Unlike Black Tea and Green Tea, Oolong Tea is partially oxidized. It has some qualities of Black Tea and Green Tea. Meaning that, the amount of caffeine and antioxidant also falls midway between Black Tea and Green Tea. The tea leaves are repeatedly rolled and oxidized before being heated up to form the shape. Further, Oolong Tea is rich in fruity flavour with minimal bitterness. Therefore, it is suitable for all age groups.
